Your profile points at the economic streams. Express Entry ranks you against everyone else in the pool, and a provincial nomination adds 600 points on top, effectively a guaranteed invitation. The first move is knowing your real CRS score.
Ontario runs streams for skilled workers, employer job offers, masters and PhD graduates. A nomination is worth 600 CRS points, which in practice means an invitation.
Whether you need an LMIA depends entirely on the job, the employer and the treaty you might qualify under. Plenty of people apply the hard way when an LMIA-exempt route was open to them.
The institution, the attestation letter and whether the programme leads to a post-graduation work permit matter more than the acceptance letter itself. Verify all three before you pay a deposit.
Sponsorship is decided on the genuineness of the relationship, not on the length of your document list. The evidence chain is what officers actually assess.
Visitor applications are refused far more often than people expect, usually on ties to your home country rather than anything financial. A Super Visa is a different animal with its own medical and insurance rules.
A refusal is not the end, but the clock is short and the route matters: reconsideration, appeal, judicial review and re-application are not interchangeable. Mary holds RCIC-IRB authority and represents clients at hearings.
This is orientation, not a legal opinion. Your actual options depend on facts a licensed consultant needs to review.